Alex Townsend ·

Mathematicians say a neurosurgery resident used ChatGPT, powered by GPT-5.6, to solve Crouzeix's conjecture, a major open problem in numerical linear algebra

On July 30, 2026, the first author asked ChatGPT 5.6 to solve Crouzeix's conjecture, as he had been routinely doing for the preceding year.

In this story ChatGPT GPT-5.6

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Alex Townsend — Mathematicians say a neurosurgery resident used ChatGPT, powered by GPT-5.6, to solve Crouzeix's conjecture, a major open problem in numerical linear algebra ↗

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ChatGPT ↗ Claude ↗

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